Erna Brodber “Marcus Garvey & the Continent of Black Consciousness” The Continent of Black Consciousness – On the History of the African Diaspora from Slavery to the Present Day. New Beacon Books, London . 2003: 75-103.

John Henrik Clarke “The American Antecedents of Marcus Garvey. Garvey, Africa , Europe , andthe Americas Edited by Rupert Lewis and Maureen Warner-Lewis. Africa World Press, New Jersey . 1994:1-16.

Winston James- Holding Aloft the Banner of Ethiopia . Caribbean Radicalism in Early Twentieth-Century America . Verso, New York . 1998: 9-49.

2. Core ideas of Marcus Garvey and the Garvey Movement

“Declaration of Rights of the Negro Peoples of the World”in Philosophy and Opinions of Marcus Garvey. Edited by Amy Jacques Garvey. With an introduction by Robert A. Hill. Atheneum. New York . 1992. Volume 2:135-143.

Or

in Robert Hill ed. The Marcus Garvey and Universal Negro Improvement Association Papers, Volume 2, University of California Press, Los Angeles , 1983: 571-580. The Declaration of Rights is indispensable as a summary of how Garveyites saw their circumstances at the start of the 20 th century and their programme of action. Please read the footnotes accompanying the document in the Marcus Garvey Papers.

Marcus Garvey “African Fundamentalism.” Robert A. Hill and Barbara Bair (editors) Marcus Garvey. Life and Lessons. ACentennial Companion to the Marcus Garvey and Universal Negro ImprovementAssociation Papers. University of California Press , Los Angeles 1987: 3-6; also “African Fundamentalism: Fount of Inspiration – Speeches by Marcus Garvey” in same source; pp. 7-25.

Marcus Garvey “The Tragedy of White Injustice” The Poetical Works of Marcus Garvey. Edited by Tony Martin. The Majority Press. Dover , Massachusetts . pp 3-26

“The Tragedy of White Injustice” can also be found in Robert A. Hill and Barbara Bair (editors) Marcus Garvey. Life and Lessons. ACentennial Companion to the Marcus Garvey and Universal Negro ImprovementAssociation Papers. University of California Press, Los Angeles 1987:119-139

Marcus Garvey “The Internal Prejudices of Negroes.” Philosophy and Opinions ofMarcus Garvey. Edited by Amy Jacques Garvey. With an introduction by Robert A. Hill. Atheneum. New York . 1992. Volume 2: 84-87.

Report of the UNIA Convention, 1920. The Marcus Garvey and UNIA Papers. Volume 2, 1983. UCLA, Los Angeles : pp. 490-580.

Tony Martin Race First. The Ideological and Organizational Struggles of Marcus Garveyand the Universal Negro Improvement Association. Greenwood Press, Westport , Connecticut . 1976: pp.22-66; pp. 151-214.

Winston James – Holding Aloft the Banner of Ethiopia . Caribbean Radicalism in Early Twentieth-Century America . Verso, New York . 1998: 122-184.

David Levering Lewis “Du Bois and Garvey: Two “Pan-Africas” in W.E.B. DuBois – The Fight for Equality and the American Century 1919-1963. Henry Holt & Co. New York , 2000: 37-84.

Marcus Garvey “ Africa ’s Wealth” Philosophy and Opinions of Marcus Garvey. Edited by Amy Jacques Garvey. Atheneum, New York , 1992: 63-68

Arnold Hughes, “ Africa and the Garvey Movement in the Interwar Years” Garvey, Africa , Europe , and the Americas . Edited by Rupert Lewis & Maureen Warner-Lewis. Africa World Press, New Jersey 1994: pp.99-120.

G.O. Olusanya “Garvey and Nigeria . “Garvey, Africa , Europe , and the Americas . Edited by Rupert Lewis & Maureen Warner-Lewis. Africa World Press, New Jersey 1994: pp. 121-134.

George Huggins “Marcus Garvey and the League of Nations, 1921-1931. “Garvey, Africa , Europe , and the Americas . Edited by Rupert Lewis & Maureen Warner-Lewis, Africa World Press , New Jersey 1994: pp. 134-146.

Elliott P. Skinner African Americans and U.S. Policy Toward Africa 1850-1924. In Defense of Black Nationality. Howard University Press. Washington , D.C. 1992: pp. 423-514

Robert Hill & Gregory A. Pirio “ Africa for the Africans” the Garvey Movement in South Africa, 1920-1940 in Shula Marks and Stanley Trapido The Politics of Race, Class and Nationalism in Twentieth Century South Africa Longman New York 1987: pp. 209-253.

Convention Report. The Marcus Garvey and UNIA Papers. Volume IV. 1985. UCLA, Los Angeles : 934-942.

Tony Martin “Women in the Garvey Movement” Garvey: His Work and Impact. Edited by Rupert Lewis and Patrick Bryan. Africa World Press. New Jersey . 1994 pp. 67-72.

Honor Ford-Smith “Women and the Garvey Movement in Jamaica .” Garvey: His Work and Impact. Edited by Rupert Lewis and Patrick Bryan. Africa World Press. New Jersey . 1994 pp.73-83.

Tony Martin “Amy Ashwood Garvey. Wife No. 2.” Jamaica Journal , Vol. 20, No. 3, August-October 1987.pp.32-36

Rupert Lewis and Maureen Warner-Lewis “Amy Jacques Garvey” Jamaica Journal , Vol. 20, No. 3. August-October 1987. pp.39-43.

Ula Taylor “Negro Women are Great Thinkers as well as Doers”: Amy Jacques-Garvey and Community Feminism in the United States, 1924-1927. Journal of Women’s History, Vol. 12 No.2 (Summer), 2000.

Rhoda Reddock “The First Mrs. Garvey and Others: Pan-Africanism and Feminism in the Early 20 th Century British Colonial Caribbean .” Paper presented at the Henry Sylvester-Williams and Pan-Africanism Conference hosted by the University of the West Indies , St. Augustine Campus, Trinidad , 8 th-11 th January 2001 .

Karen S. Adler “Always Leading Our Men in Service and Sacrifice”: Amy Jacques Garvey, Feminist Black Nationalist. Race, Class & Gender. Common Bonds, Different Voices. Edited by Esther Ngan-Ling Chow, Doris Wilkinson and Maxine Baca Zinn. Sage Publications. Thousands Oaks, California . 1996: 5-31.

Ula Yvette Taylor The Veiled Garvey – The Life and Times of Amy Jacques Garvey. The University of North Carolina Press, Chapel Hill.2002.

Tony Martin Race First. “Religion” The Ideological and Organizational Struggles of Marcus Garvey and the Universal Negro Improvement Association. Greenwood Press, Westport , Connecticut : 67-80.

Philip Potter “The Religious Thought of Marcus Garvey” Garvey: His Work and Impact. Edited by Rupert Lewis and Patrick Bryan. Africa World Press, New Jersey . 1994 pp. 145-163.

Ernle Gordon “Garvey and Black Liberation Theology” Garvey: His Work and Impact. Edited by Rupert Lewis and Patrick Bryan. Africa World Press. New Jersey . 1994 pp. 135-143.

andall K. Burkett “Garvey as a Black Theologian” in Garveyism as a Religious Movement: The Institutionalization of a Black Civil Religion. Metuchen. New Jersey . 1978: 45-70.

Rupert Lewis Marcus Garvey Anti-Colonial Champion. Africa World Press. New Jersey . 1988: 197-274.

Rupert Lewis “Garvey’s Significance in Jamaica ’s Historical Evolution” Jamaica Journal, Vol.20, No. 3, August – October 1987. PP. 56-65.

Erna Brodber “Marcus Garvey and the Politicisation of some Afro-Jamaicans in the 1920s 1930s” Jamaica Journal , Vol. 20, No.3, August – October 1987. pp.66–72.

Tony Martin “Marcus Garvey and Trinidad , 1912– 947.” Garvey, Africa , Europe , andthe Americas . Edited by Rupert Lewis & Maureen Warner-Lewis. Africa World Press, New Jersey 1994

Tony Martin “ A Pan-Africanist in Dominica J.R. Ralph Casimir and the Garvey Movement., 1919-1923.” The Journal of Caribbean History. Volume 21: 2 1988: 117-137

Marc C. McLeod “Garveyism in Cuba , 1920-1940.” The Journal of Caribbean History. Vol. 30: 1 & 2 1996: 132-168.

Rupert Lewis “Marcus Garvey and the Early Rastafarians: Continuity and Discontinuity”. Chanting Down Babylon –The Rastafari Reader . Edited by Nathaniel Samuel Murrell, William David Spencer, Adrian Anthony McFarlene. Temple University Press, Philadelphia.1998:pp.145-158.

Rupert Lewis – “Marcus Garvey and culture in Jamaica .” The Jamaican Historical Review, Vol.xix, 1988: 7-14.

Beverly Hamilton “Marcus Garvey: Cultural Activist” Jamaica Journal , Vol.20, No. 3, August-October 1987: 21-30.

Beverly Hamilton “Marcus Garvey and Cultural Development in Jamaica : A Preliminary Survey” Garvey: His Work and Impact. Edited by Rupert Lewis and Patrick Bryan. Africa World Press. New Jersey . 1994 pp. 87-111

Pamela O’Gorman “On Reggae and Rastafarianism – and a Garvey Prophecy” Jamaica Journal , Vol.20, No.3, August –October 1987. pp.85-88.

Ted Vincent Keep Cool: The Black Activists who built the Jazz Age. London : Pluto Press 1995. Chapter 4 “Keeping Cool – Politics and Music.” pp. 106-144.

Beverley Hamilton “The Legendary Marcus Garvey” Jamaica Journal , Vol. 24, No. 1, June 19991: 54-58.

Veerle Poupeye-Rammelaere “The Iconography of Marcus Garvey” Jamaica Journal , Vol.24, No. 1, June 1991: pp. 9-21

Barry Chevannes “Garvey Myths among the Jamaican People” Garvey: His Work and Impact. Edited by Rupert Lewis and Patrick Bryan. Africa World Press. New Jersey . 1994: pp. 309-321.

 A Tribute to Marcus Garvey – Various Artistes. Sonic Sounds. Kingston , Jamaica . (Reggae) Audiocassette. No date. Circa 1987

Video and DVD Sources

Marcus Garvey – Look for me in the Whirlwind – American Experience PBS 2001

The Promised Ship – documentary by Yazmin Ross and Luciano Capelli 2000.