The history of Europe since 1914, focusing on the process of ideological polarization resulting from the combined effects of world war, revolution in Russia and economic depression. Themes studied: the impact of the First World War; the Bolshevik Revolution and the establishment of the USSR; Fascism and Nazism; the era of the Popular Fronts in the 1930s; the Sec- ond World War, Cold War and the movements toward European integra- tion.