1. EARTHQUAKES
Earthquakes are caused by sudden release of slowly accumulated strain energy along a fault in the earth's crust. The hazards associated with earthquakes are ground shaking, fault ruptures, landslides, liquefaction including flows and lateral spreads and subsidence, tsunamis and seiches.

2. ATMOSPHERIC (Hurricanes and Tropical Storms)
Hurricanes are generated over warm ocean water at low latitudes which develop in severe storms characterized by winds directed in a spiraling pattern toward the centre. The associated hazards are: Winds exceeding 119 km/hr, heavy rainfall for up to several days leads to the saturation of soils and cause flooding because of excess runoff, landslides including debris flows, accelerated soil erosion and storm surge causing coastal flooding.

3. LANDSLIDES (GEOLOGIC/HYDROLOGIC)
Landslides comprise almost all varieties of mass movements on slopes (including rock-falls, slumps and debris flows) involving slope materials, natural or man-made, that constitute a slope. Earthquakes, heavy rainfall, and river undercutting can trigger landslides.

4. HYDROLOGIC
Coastal and riverine flooding accelerated soil erosion, sedimentation.