Elevated level of metals in blood is reflected in urine of the human diabetic subjects. As an increased urinary excretion of metals causes decrease in blood plasma level of that particular metal and vice versa. Toxic metals such as Pb may have a role to induce renal tubular dysfunction in diabetic patients. Subsequently, dysfunctional kidneys may become a potential source for the loss of several essential TE through urine voiding rather than their retention in blood plasma /serum in order to retain the homeostasis of blood and other tissues.

We conducted a prospective study on idiopathic nephrotic syndrome (INS) to explore the changes in the urine IL levels of the patients to discover the noninvasive indicators for predicting and dynamically monitoring steroid efficacy in the steroid therapy of INS patients.