The urgency to address climate change and protect marine ecosystems has intensified following the devastating coral bleaching event in the Caribbean, Gulf of Mexico, and northern Atlantic Ocean in the previous year. The Centre for Marine Sciences (CMS) and Port Royal Marine Lab (PRML), Faculty of Science and Technology, The University of the West Indies, Mona reported extensive bleaching, reaching up to 90% in some cases. Professor Mona Webber, the director of the Centre for Marine Sciences, highlighted that recovery from bleaching varies among corals, and ongoing investigations will determine if factors like species, location, or depth influence these trends.

The coral bleaching event was triggered by record-high summer temperatures, causing stress levels for coral reefs to escalate significantly. Derek Manzello, coordinator for the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Coral Reef Watch Programme, expressed concern over the unprecedented heat stress, both in intensity and duration. He noted that while corals can recover, the process often results in impaired growth and reproduction, making them susceptible to diseases for an extended period.

Jamaica's White River Fish Sanctuary raised alarms over the impact of coral reef loss. Rising sea surface temperatures persistently exceeded the bleaching threshold, resulting in the death of Jamaica's iconic 'elkhorn' and 'staghorn' branching corals. These corals play a crucial role in ecosystem function, providing habitat for marine life, shoreline protection, and supporting recreational activities like diving and snorkeling. The sanctuary emphasized the far-reaching consequences, including erosion, property loss, damage to coastal infrastructure, and threats to communities' livelihoods.

Professor Mona Webber stressed the need for immediate action to address environmental degradation and climate change. She expressed concern that delicate ecosystems may have already passed a tipping point. The Status of Coral Reefs of the World: 2020 report highlighted the significant economic value of coral reefs, estimating their contribution at US$2.7 trillion per year, with tourism alone accounting for US$36 billion. The report emphasized the vulnerability of coral reefs to both global climate threats and local pressures like pollution, overfishing, and destructive practices. Preserving the integrity and resilience of coral reef ecosystems is crucial for the well-being of tropical coastal communities and aligns with the Sustainable Development Goals under the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development.

Photo caption: Professor Mona Webber

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