The ever-changing needs of society justify the necessity for teachers to engage in continuous learning. Teachers are encouraged to participate in professional development activities that will help them develop the knowledge and skills that are required to meet the needs of a 21st century society.

This research (the second part of a 2-part study) sought to investigate selected high school teachers’ knowledge and use of a problem solving approach to mathematics teaching and learning. It also examined the challenges that they experienced in implementing this pedagogical approach. A survey research design was used for this research whereby data were collected using a questionnaire with closed- and open-ended items. Thirty-one high school teachers from Jamaica participated in the study.

Learners have difficulties applying mathematics in the real world. This design–action research explored the heuristics of the Realistic Mathematics Education (RME) approach for learning calculus. Ten in-service student-teachers completed a questionnaire with open-ended and closed-ended items on their experiences in applying Calculus in both decontextualised and contextualised settings. They also completed two assessment worksheets. The data were analysed for themes, and statistical paired t-test for comparison.