Review of GIS principles, concepts and components; Spatial Data Representation models; Remote Sensing principles, concepts and components; GNSS principles, concepts and components; GNSS Geodata acquisition; Spatial data generation and acquisition; Geodatabase creation and population; Data Automation; Geodatabase query; Geo-visualization techniques; GIS Web Mapping; (Geospatial Web Services); Mobile GIS Solutions ; GIS Programming & Application Development; Geospatial data analysis; Spatial Statistics; FOSS; SDI & Geospatial standards