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Tarron Khemraj

The Colonial Origins of Guyana’s Underdevelopment

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Dutch settlements on the coastal plain locked Guyana into polder agriculture and, inadvertently, ensured a small, widely dispersed population. The former requires high cost drainage, irrigation and agricultural production. The latter also implies high costs, as infrastructure, for example,—cannot be distributed over a large enough population. Wages were therefore suppressed by immigration, which increased the elasticity of supply of labour, and facilitated the playing off of one ethnic group against the other.

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Two Ethnic Security Dilemmas: A Political Economy Channel of the Natural Resource Curse

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The article argues that the ethnic security dilemmas (ESDs) form
the basis for a political economy channel of the natural resource curse. Strategic
 uncertainty of voters and joy of destruction (envy) of leaders underpin the ESDs:
most voters vote pro-ethnically, and leaders of one political party find strategies to
undermine the other. Control of government for the purpose of allocating resource
rents to favoured constituencies is the prize. This view is supported by a survey of

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