West Indian Medical Journal |

Original Articles

Oesophageal Carcinoma in Jamaica, 1978–2007: Histological Distribution and Trends in Incidence

KCS Mills, TN Gibson, DP McNaughton, B Hanchard

The incidence of oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma in Jamaica has been decreasing in both genders. Oesophageal adenocarcinoma incidence has been increasing in males, but, unlike data reported elsewhere, has been decreasing in females. Investigation into risk factors for oesophageal adenocarcinoma in Jamaica is warranted.
Analysis of Axillary Lymph Nodes in Breast Cancer Patients with Positive Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy

D Grebić, H Grbas, PV Zujić, M Mavrić, AM Tomašić

This study has shown the analysis and characteristics of axillary lymph nodes after axillary dissection. The likelihood of non-sentinel nodes (non-SLN) metastases is shown to be dependent on penetration of the sentinel’s capsule by malignant cells, tumour grade, stage, and molecular subtype.
Value of Serum Galectin 3 in Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Meta-Analysis

L Zhang, X-J Chen, D He, T-Y Zhou

Serum Galectin 3 is a promising diagnostic indicator for some carcinomas. This study estimated the serum Gal-3 in patients with hepatocelluar carcinoma and showed that the expression of serum Galectin 3 tended to be a bigger biomarker for diagnosis of Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).
What is the Diagnostic Role of Adenoid Hypertrophy and Adult-Onset Otitis Media with Effusion in Clinically Asymptomatic Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma?

OI Ozdamar, GO Acar, M Tekin

We aimed to investigate the validity, in adult patients, of adenoid hypertrophy with/without synchronous otitis media with effusion, in absence of other clinical symptoms and radiologic findings, to arouse suspicion of nasopharyngeal malignancy.
Cardiometabolic Risk and its Antecedents among Law Enforcement Officers in Trinidad and Tobago

PR Prout, SD Nichols, A Ramcharitar-Borne, N Dalrymple

Law enforcement is considered a demanding and stressful occupation. Lifestyle choices associated with such occupations increase the risk of developing cardio-metabolic risk factors.
Factors Associated with Physical Activity in Jamaicans with Cardiovascular Disease

G Nelson, C Gordon

Not enough research has been conducted on the factors influencing physical activity participation in Jamaica. This study examined factors (social support, exercise barriers, and benefits) associated with physical activity level in Jamaicans with cardiovascular disease.
Prevalence of Multiple Miliary Type of Osteoma Cutis in the Maxillofacial Region as an Incidental Finding: A Retrospective Cone Beam Computed Tomography Study

K Gunduz, G Serindere, H Avsever, K Orhan

This study evaluated the prevalence of multiple miliary type of osteoma cutis in the maxillofacial region among patients of Gulhane Training and Research Hospital Dentomaxillofacial Radiology Department. Twenty-two (3.2%) multiple miliary osteoma cutis cases in maxillofacial region were discovered on 691 patients’ cone beam computed tomography scans.
The Efficacy of H89 on Aquaporin 5 Levels in Asthmatic Rat Models

M Saygin, O Ozturk, H Asci, D Bayram, İA Candan

Asthma is a disease that progresses depending on the increased sensitivity in the respiratory tract and hypersecretion by goblet cells in bronchia. Inflammation sources that play a role in asthma’s physiopathology are T lymphocytes, mast cells, eosinophils, and macrophages. Biopsy studies have revealed that there are correlations between density of inflammation and intensity of the diseases The effect of specific protein kinase A inhibitor H89 treatment reduced Aq 5 receptor expressions on the lung tissue.
Histopathological Examination of the Effects of Butane Gas on Nasal Mucosa in Rats

S Yaslikaya, I Topaloglu, G Hafiz

Butane gas is a substance that we frequently encounter in our daily life. Allergic diseases constitute very important health problems, influence domestic, educational, and social lives of individuals. Therefore, eliminating the causes that may have effect on development of allergic diseases is crucial. In this study we evaluated the potential allergic effect of the butane gas.
Maternal and Foetal Outcome of Anti-epileptic Drug Use in Pregnancy in Afro-Caribbean Patients

S Rowe-Gardener, F Gayle, N Johnson

This study showed an increased risk of adverse foetal outcome in infants exposed in utero (p = 0.04) to anti-epileptic drugs (AED). Maternal outcome in exposed mothers was not statistically significant (p = 0.06).
The Perception of Pharmacists and Physicians about Generic Drugs on Drug Price Lists in Trinidad

AR Villarroel-Stuart

The national drug list aids prescribing and addresses countries’ major health issues. To reduce cost generic drugs are included, however, some persons believe that cheaper means substandard. Therefore, perception of key individuals about generic drugs is beneficial.
An Investigation of Serum Magnesium and Red Blood Cell Distribution Width Values in Patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnoea Syndrome

K Kilic, MS Sakat, O Araz, MS Gozeler

The study investigated the serum levels of magnesium and red blood cell distribution width (RDW) values and their relationship with polysomnographic parameters in patients with Obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome (OSAS). Serum RDW values were significantly elevated and magnesium levels were significantly decreased in OSAS. Also, RDW was positively and magnesium was negatively correlated with polysomnographic parameters. To our knowledge, this was the first study investigating the association between RDW and Mg levels in the same patient population.
Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging Findings and Distribution of the Findings According to the Age Groups in Childhood Epilepsies

SK Balık, M Öztürk, C Göya, F Ekici

This study showed that the most common pathology that caused epilepsy in children was the indication of parenchymal damage. Another common pathology is hippocampal sclerosis and cortical developmental abnormalities. MRI is a non-invasive imaging modality that that does not involve any ionizing radiation and can be used to identify pathologies that lead to epileptic attacks in childhood.
Israel Exhibits a Homogenous Male-to-Female Ratio at Birth for All Races and Religions

V Grech

The proportion of male live births may fall with stress. This paper fails to find evidence of stress using the gender ratio at birth in Israel, when the country is studied by race or religion.
A Review and Nested Case Study of Special Study Modules in Undergraduate Medical Education at the University of the West Indies, Jamaica

D Ragoobirsingh, TJ Paul, MJ Branday

This paper describes the range of topics covered in the delivery of Special Study Modules (SSMs) to students from the inception of the new MBBS curriculum and explores the value of SSMs in enhancing curriculum diversity. The SWOT analysis revealed a wide range of benefits to participating students and opportunities for curriculum diversification through external stakeholders were identified.

Review

Cardiac Involvements of Fabry Disease

S-M Yuan

Fabry disease is a rare inherited metabolic disorder caused by the deficient activity of α-galactosidase A. Cardiac involvement is frequent in Fabry disease. The patients may develop hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, arrhythmias, conduction abnormalities, valvular abnormalities and coronary heart disease. The diagnosis of Fabry disease is challenging due to the protean manifestations, which often lead to a delayed diagnosis. The management strategies, including enzyme replacement, anticoagulant treatment, pacemaker implantation and surgical interventions, warrant further elucidations.
Non-pharmacological Community Intervention, Especially Pain Management, in Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Review of the Literature

M Yousefi, FA Noghabi, A Chopra, R Farrokhseresht, H Yousefi, N Kulkarni, E Golalipoor

This articles reviews role of unimodular and multi-modular nonpharmacological interventions in rheumatoid arthritis. These may be effective add-on to standard care treatment. The role of dietary modification needs further study to form a guideline.
Oral Health in Crack—Cocaine Users and Its Impact on Their Quality of Life: A Literature Review

MA Brown, MÂ Naval Machado

Crack cocaine users present poor oral health and are usually polydrug users or have a history of consuming other substances such as: cannabis, alcohol, tobacco, and opiates. Crack has an impact on the oral health of crack users, which also affects their quality of life.

Case Reports

Neurofibromatosis and Atypical Presentation of Tumours

AC Beharry, C QuanSoon
Serious Gastrointestinal Form of Henoch-Schönlein Purpura Induced by Helicobacter pylori Infection and Complicated by Bradycardia and Euthyroid Sick Syndrome

G Vijatov-Djuric, N Barisic, A Djuretic, D Katanic, M Stojsic, B Milanovic
A Case of Pulsatile Tinnitus Associated with Internal Jugular Vein Stenosis Diagnosed by Multidetector-computerized Tomography Angiography

K Kilic, MS Sakat, E Altaş, M Kantarci, H Üçüncü

Letters to the Editor

Primary Cutaneous Marginal Zone Lymphoma

T Ulas, G Tazegul, R Erdem, U Iltar, OK Yucel, O Salim, B Akkaya, L Undar

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West Indian Medical JournalISSN: 2309-5830

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West Indian Medical Journal

West Indian Medical Journal
ISSN: 2309-5830