Rotaviruses have been a significant cause of dehydrating gastroenteritis, contributing to infant morbidity and mortality in Jamaica. We enrolled 1804 Jamaican infants in the international randomized, placebo-controlled, pentavalent (G1, G2, G3, G4 and P1) rotavirus vaccine trial. This pentavalent vaccine was found to significantly reduce rotavirus-attributable emergency room visits and hospitalizations, without increasing the rates of intussusception or other serious adverse events in Jamaican infants.