seasons

Racial Differences in Seasonal Variation in Election and Non-election Years in the Male to Female Ratio at Birth in the United States

Issue:

Vol 73, Issue 1: 2026

DOI:

10.7727/wimj.2016.204

Pages:

67-71

Synopsis:

United States births by gender and race (2003-13, n=45138496) were analysed. The male to female birth ratio varies seasonally. Seasonality may have been disturbed/reduced in most years due to chronic, socioeconomic stress.

ABSTRACTS

Objective: In humans, male births exceed female births. This ratio is conventionally expressed as M/F and is influenced by a large number of factors, including stress. This study was carried out in order to ascertain whether the known seasonal variation in M/F in the United States of America (USA), peaking in June, is affected by the quadrennial elections (November), and whether any such influences vary by race.

Received:

04 May, 2016

Accepted:

15 Jun, 2016

Published:

25 Jun, 2026

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