United States

Racial Differences in Seasonal Variation in Election and Non-election Years in the Male to Female Ratio at Birth in the United States

DOI:

10.7727/wimj.2016.204

Synopsis:

United States births by gender and race (2003-13, n=45138496) were analysed. The male to female birth ratio varies seasonally. Seasonality may have been disturbed/reduced in most years due to chronic, socioeconomic stress.

ABSTRACTS

Objective: In humans, male births exceed female births. This ratio is conventionally expressed to M/F and is influenced by a large number of factors, including stress. This study was carried out in order to ascertain whether the known seasonal variation in M/F in the United States (peaking in June) is affected by the quadrennial elections (November), and whether any such influences vary by race.

Received:

04 May, 2016

Accepted:

15 Jun, 2016

PDF Attachment:

grech_and_borg-us_m-f_election_seasonality.pdf

Journal Sections:

Keywords:

Journal Authors:

e-Published: 29 Jun, 2016

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Seasonal Variation by Race in the Male-to-Female Ratio at Birth in the United States

Issue:

Vol 69, Issue 2: 2021

DOI:

10.7727/wimj.2015.279

Pages:

129-33

Synopsis:

Births by gender and by race for 2003–13 in the United States of America showed more male births in Asians, followed by Whites and American Indian/Alaska Native populations. Significant seasonality was present (with a peak in June) for Whites more than Blacks/African-Americans.

ABSTRACT

Objective: In humans, males’ births exceed females’ births. This ratio is conventionally referred to as M/F and is used to denote male births divided by total births. This ratio is influenced by a large number of factors and has been shown to exhibit seasonality. This study was carried out in order to ascertain whether seasonal variation in M/F exists in the United States of America and whether such variations are influenced by race.

Received:

28 May, 2015

Accepted:

30 Sep, 2015

Published:

22 Jun, 2021

PDF Attachment:

wimj-iss2-2021_129_133.pdf

Journal Sections:

Original Articles

Keywords:

Birth Rate/trends