Infant

Latitude Gradients and Secular Trends in Sex Ratios at Birth: Europe and North America and a Global Overview

DOI:

10.7727/wimj.2017.093

Pages:

Synopsis:

The sex ratio at birth is in overall decline in Europe and North America. However, this decline has reversed in Mexico and stabilised in the United States. There was a temporary significant rise in M/F in Central Europe following Chernobyl.

ABSTRACT

Objective: In all continents, latitude gradients and secular trends have been found in the male-female ratio at birth (M/F: male births divided by total births), which is anticipated to approximate 0.515.

Methods: Annual national data for countries comprising Europe and North America for male and female live births were obtained from the World Health Organisation and analysed with contingency tables.

Received:

11 Apr, 2017

Accepted:

01 May, 2017

PDF Attachment:

grech-sex_ratios_at_birth.pdf

Journal Sections:

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e-Published: 18 May, 2017

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Disclaimer

Manuscripts that are Published Ahead of Print have been peer reviewed and accepted for publication by the Editorial Board of the West Indian Medical Journal. They may appear in their original format and may not be copy edited or formatted in the style guide of this Journal. While accepted manuscripts are not yet assigned a volume, issue or page numbers, they can be cited using the DOI and date of e-publication. See our Instructions for Authors on how to properly cite manuscripts at this stage. The contents of the manuscript may change before it is published in its final form. Manuscripts in this section will be removed once they have been issued to a volume and issue, but will still retain the DOI and date of e-publication.

Israel Exhibits a Homogenous Male-to-Female Ratio at Birth for All Races and Religions

Issue:

Vol 71, Issue 1: 2024

DOI:

10.7727/wimj.2016.472

Pages:

69-72

Synopsis:

The proportion of male live births may fall with stress. This paper fails to find evidence of stress using the gender ratio at birth in Israel, when the country is studied by race or religion.

ABSTRACT

Objective: Male live births occur in excess of female live births and their ratio (M/F) is usually expressed as male divided by total births. The value of M/F varies, declining with stress. Israel has been shown to have a relatively stable M/F. This study was carried out in order to ascertain whether there were any racial or religious differences in M/F in Israel, and to compare with totals for Europe and North America.

Received:

06 Sep, 2016

Accepted:

05 Oct, 2016

Published:

30 Mar, 2024

PDF Attachment:

wimj-iss1-2024_69_72.pdf

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e-Published: 02 Nov, 2016

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Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy in Infancy

Issue:

Vol 69, Issue 9: 2023

DOI:

10.7727/WIMJ.2016.461

Pages:

633-7

Synopsis:

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in infancy is rare. The spectrum of aetiology and management of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in infancy were updated in the past several decades. Currently, it is mainly composed of endocardial fibroelastosis, infants of diabetic mothers and infantile Pompe’s disease. This study shows that myocardial ischaemia and cardiomegaly are the major signs of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in infancy. The management strategies can be variable according to different etiologies of the lesion.

ABSTRACT

Objective: To report comprehensively the clinical features and the management strategies of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in infancy.

Methods: Comprehensively retrieved studies published from 2000 to present constituted the study materials for this article.

Received:

02 Sep, 2016

Accepted:

27 Sep, 2016

Published:

25 Jan, 2023

PDF Attachment:

wimj-iss9-2023_633_637.pdf

Journal Sections:

Original Articles

Keywords:

diagnosis

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

Infant

Journal Authors:

S-M Yuan

e-Published: 26 Oct, 2016

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Racial Differences in Seasonal Variation in Election and Non-election Years in the Male to Female Ratio at Birth in the United States

DOI:

10.7727/wimj.2016.204

Synopsis:

The male-to-female birth ratio varies seasonally. United States births by gender and race (2003-13, n=45138496) were analysed. Seasonality may have been disturbed/reduced in most years due to elections. Black births were unaffected possibly due to chronic, socio-economic stress.

ABSTRACTS

Objective: In humans, male births exceed female births. This ratio is conventionally expressed to M/F and is influenced by a large number of factors, including stress. This study was carried out in order to ascertain whether the known seasonal variation in M/F in the United States (peaking in June) is affected by the quadrennial elections (November), and whether any such influences vary by race.

Received:

04 May, 2016

Accepted:

15 Jun, 2016

PDF Attachment:

grech_and_borg-us_m-f_election_seasonality.pdf

Journal Sections:

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e-Published: 29 Jun, 2016

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Disclaimer

Manuscripts that are Published Ahead of Print have been peer reviewed and accepted for publication by the Editorial Board of the West Indian Medical Journal. They may appear in their original format and may not be copy edited or formatted in the style guide of this Journal. While accepted manuscripts are not yet assigned a volume, issue or page numbers, they can be cited using the DOI and date of e-publication. See our Instructions for Authors on how to properly cite manuscripts at this stage. The contents of the manuscript may change before it is published in its final form. Manuscripts in this section will be removed once they have been issued to a volume and issue, but will still retain the DOI and date of e-publication.

Seasonal Variation by Race in the Male-to-Female Ratio at Birth in the United States

Issue:

Vol 69, Issue 2: 2021

DOI:

10.7727/wimj.2015.279

Pages:

129-33

Synopsis:

Births by gender and by race for 2003–13 in the United States of America showed more male births in Asians, followed by Whites and American Indian/Alaska Native populations. Significant seasonality was present (with a peak in June) for Whites more than Blacks/African-Americans.

ABSTRACT

Objective: In humans, males’ births exceed females’ births. This ratio is conventionally referred to as M/F and is used to denote male births divided by total births. This ratio is influenced by a large number of factors and has been shown to exhibit seasonality. This study was carried out in order to ascertain whether seasonal variation in M/F exists in the United States of America and whether such variations are influenced by race.

Received:

28 May, 2015

Accepted:

30 Sep, 2015

Published:

22 Jun, 2021

PDF Attachment:

wimj-iss2-2021_129_133.pdf

Journal Sections:

Keywords:

Journal Authors:

e-Published: 24 Mar, 2016

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Congenital Cytomegalovirus Infection: Cranial Imaging Signs

DOI:

10.7727/wimj.2015.452

Synopsis:

Cytomegalovirus is an important cause of congenital infections. It may also cause intracranial calcification. The large calcific areas in the lateral cranium graphy (Figure 1) and Brain BT pointed the dilatation and calcification in both lateral ventricles (Figure 2).

Image and Diagnosis

Clinical Data

Received:

17 Aug, 2015

Accepted:

08 Sep, 2015

PDF Attachment:

karli20et20al-congenital20cytomegalovirus20infection1.pdf

Journal Sections:

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e-Published: 25 Nov, 2015

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Disclaimer

Manuscripts that are Published Ahead of Print have been peer reviewed and accepted for publication by the Editorial Board of the West Indian Medical Journal. They may appear in their original format and may not be copy edited or formatted in the style guide of this Journal. While accepted manuscripts are not yet assigned a volume, issue or page numbers, they can be cited using the DOI and date of e-publication. See our Instructions for Authors on how to properly cite manuscripts at this stage. The contents of the manuscript may change before it is published in its final form. Manuscripts in this section will be removed once they have been issued to a volume and issue, but will still retain the DOI and date of e-publication.

Accidental Intravenous Infusion of Expressed Breast Milk in a Neonate

Issue:

Vol 66, Issue 2: 2017

DOI:

10.7727/wimj.2015.010

Pages:

384–6

ABSTRACT

Received:

21 Jan, 2015

Accepted:

02 Mar, 2015

Published:

22 Sep, 2017

PDF Attachment:

wimjiss2_2017_384_386.pdf

Journal Sections:

Keywords:

Journal Authors:

e-Published: 08 Oct, 2015

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State and Regional Differences in the Male-to-female Ratio at Birth in the United States, 1995–2012

Issue:

Vol 65, Issue 1: 2016

DOI:

10.7727/wimj.2014.284

Pages:

180–4

Synopsis:

Live male births slightly exceed females (M/F). This ratio is influenced by many factors. This study analysed live births (1995–2012, n = 52 601 559) in the United States of America. Southern states had a higher proportion of Black births and significantly lower M/F. This may be due to chronic stress due to disadvantaged socio-economic conditions.

ABSTRACT

Introduction: In humans, live male births slightly exceed females and this ratio is conventionally expressed as male live births divided by total live births (M/F). A wide variety of factors have been shown to influence M/F including latitude, stress, socio-economic status and race. This study was carried out in order to ascertain whether there are differences in M/F in different states and in different geographical regions in the United States of America (USA).

Received:

15 Oct, 2014

Accepted:

29 Oct, 2015

PDF Attachment:

wimj_iss1_2016_180_184.pdf

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e-Published: 15 May, 2015

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The Male-female Birth Ratio in California and the 1992 April Riots in Los Angeles

Issue:

Vol 64, Issue 3: June (2015)

DOI:

10.7727/wimj.2014.338

Pages:

223–5

Synopsis:

Stress induces spontaneous abortions that affect male fetuses more than female fetuses. The April 1992 Los Angeles riots constituted six days of civil unrest. This study showed that male births in California State dipped following this event.

ABSTRACT

Received:

21 Nov, 2014

Accepted:

23 Mar, 2015

PDF Attachment:

wimjjun2015_223_225.pdf

Journal Sections:

Original Articles

Keywords:

Infant

United States of America