A prospective study, using CT scans, has determined that the absence of amnesia, loss of consciousness, vomiting and ENT bleed in the history and a Glasgow Coma Score of 15 on examination alone or in combination cannot exclude the presence of intra-cranial injury.

A retrospective analysis of oesophageal foreign bodies (EFBs) was conducted. The most common EFBs were bones. Oesophagoscopy is a reliable method in the treatment of EFB impaction.