The prevalence of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) including diabetes and hypertension in the older Jamaican population has significantly increased over the last 20 years. Immediate, short-term activities that target the individual are necessary if NCDs are to be prevented and/or be properly controlled.

Cigarette smoking has been identified as a high risk factor for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, coronary heart disease, strokes and peripheral vascular disease. It results in the intensification of the vascular diseases of hypertension and diabetes. The Framework Convention on Tobacco Control, established by the World Health Organization in 2003, with its wide ranging recommended strategies and activities, offers a comprehensive approach towards reducing the impact on health by tobacco use. Countries should mobilise governments and civil society to implement the treaty.

Strategies to prevent obesity in the Caribbean should focus on policy actions in various sectors to change the environment. This will allow individuals better opportunities to make healthier lifestyle choices.