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Original Articles

Paraquat-induced Thrombotic Microangiopathy: The Pathophysiology in Hyperacute Paraquat Poisoning Deaths

Issue: 
DOI: 
10.7727/wimjopen.2018.141
Pages: 
72-6
Synopsis: 
The underlying pathophysiological mechanism of hyperacute death in paraquat suicide involves thrombotic microangiopathy.

ABSTRACT

Accepted: 
November 23, 2018
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Age, Body Mass and Physical Activity Determinants of Facial Acne Severity among Southern Nigerian Adolescents and Young Adults

Issue: 
DOI: 
10.7727/wimjopen.2017.162
Pages: 
66–71
Synopsis: 
The study explored the relationship between facial acne severity, age of patients, body mass and physical activity indices. Acne severity has a significant relationship with age of patients but not body mass or physical activity indices.

Objective: To explore the relationship between severities of acne with age, body mass index (BMI) and physical activity index (PAI) of the patients.

Revised: 
October 15, 2018
Accepted: 
December 20, 2017
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A Retrospective Study of Skin Manifestations in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus and their association with Renal Involvement

Issue: 
DOI: 
10.7727/wimjopen.2018.101
Pages: 
61–5
Synopsis: 
This study explored the relationship between skin manifestations and renal disease in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Patients with lupus erythematosus non-specific skin disease were more likely to have renal involvement.

Objective: To identify the types of skin disorders seen in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and to establish the correlation, if any, between cutaneous manifestations, lupus erythematosus (LE) specificity and renal involvement.

Accepted: 
August 7, 2018
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Clinical and Epidemiological Follow-up of Patients with Arthralgia Post Probable Chikungunya Referred to a Rheumatology Clinic at a Tertiary Hospital in Trinidad and Tobago T

Issue: 
DOI: 
10.7727/wimjopen.2018.026
Pages: 
56–60
Synopsis: 
This study described the arthralgia post chikungunya infection in patients referred to a rheumatology clinic at a tertiary hospital in Trinidad and Tobago. These patients are likely to be female and more than 45 years old. The joints most involved are the knees, shoulders, wrist and ankles in a symmetrical distribution; 77.3% of patients perceived that these symptoms negatively affected their daily activities.

Objective: To describe the arthralgia post Chikungunya (ChikV) infection in patients referred to a rheumatology clinic at a tertiary hospital in Trinidad. 

Methods: Patients referred for arthralgia and prior probable ChikV-infection were surveyed. Probable ChikV-infection was defined as a clinically compatible case as reported by the patient or the healthcare provider, absence of a more likely explanation and a positive ChikV specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for immunoglobulin (Ig) G. 

Accepted: 
June 15, 2018
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Value of Balanced Fast Field Echo-assisted Three Dimensional Time-of-flight to Diagnose Intracranial Arterial Stenosis

Issue: 
DOI: 
10.7727/wimjopen.2017.197
Pages: 
52–5
Synopsis: 
The balanced fast field echo (BFFE) technique employs a fully-balanced gradient waveform along all three axes, which allows magnetization to reach a steady state, providing fluids with good signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs) and excellent tissue contrast. Balanced fast field echo can then be used as diagnostic pulse sequence for blood vessels or fluid-filled tissues.

Magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) is a non-invasive vascular imaging technique. It can resolve the 3D morphology and structure of the circle of Willis when used in conjunction with three dimensional time-of-flight (3D TOF) and maximum intensity projection (MIP) technology. However, slow blood flow or saturation effects will cause signal loss in 3D TOF, and affect the accuracy of diagnosis.

Accepted: 
August 18, 2018
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Descriptive Epidemiology of Haemophilia in Martinique

Issue: 
DOI: 
10.7727/wimjopen.2017.184
Pages: 
47–51
Synopsis: 
This study described for the first time the descriptive epidemiology of patients harbouring haemophilia in Martinique and the context of haemophilia care since the creation of the Martinique Treatment Centre.

Objective: Haemophilia is a congenital bleeding disorder characterized by partial or complete deficiency of a clotting factor VIII (FVIII) for Haemophilia A (HA), or factor IX (FIX) for Haemophilia B (HB). In this study, we describe the epidemiology of haemophilia in patients from Martinique, a French Caribbean Island with a population of predominantly Afro-Caribbean origin. This epidemiological study has never been described before, and the associated specific mutations for the corresponding genes were unknown. 

Accepted: 
December 18, 2017
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Unravelling the Paediatric and Perinatal Zika Virus Epidemic through Population-based Research

DOI: 
10.7727/wimjopen.2016.454
Pages: 
1-4
Synopsis: 
Zika virus causes Guillain-Barre Syndrome and microcephaly. Clinical and laboratory diagnosis is complicated. Population-based research can elucidate ZIKV epidemiology, vertical transmission, fetal risks of maternal ZIKV infection and natural history of congenital and non-congenital ZIKV infection provided by the activities in “ZIKAction” research consortium, recently funded by the European Commission.

Zika virus epidemic now involves 72 countries, worldwide. Transmission is multimodal through mosquito bites and blood and body fluids. ZIKV causes Guillain Barre Syndrome and pregnancy complications including perinatal microcephaly. Diagnosis is complicated by subclinical infection in 80%, co-circulation with dengue and chikungunya fevers with similar presentations and cross-reactivity in serological tests. There is no cure, or preventive vaccine.

Accepted: 
August 23, 2016
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Trends of Microcephaly and Severe Arthrogryposis in Three Urban Hospitals following the Zika, Chikungunya and Dengue Fever Epidemics of 2016 in Jamaica

Issue: 
DOI: 
10.7727/wimjopen.2017.124
Pages: 
33-42
Synopsis: 
Newborns with the characteristics of congenital syndrome associated with Zika virus (CSAZ) are being born in urban hospitals after the 2016 Zika virus epidemic in Jamaica. Phenotypic features include microcephaly, craniofacial disproportion, neuro-imaging and neuro-pathological findings and arthrogryposis. A trend towards babies being delivered with small head circumferences, but not yet in the range of microcephaly and others with normal head sizes who were born to women who were symptomatic in pregnancy is also being observed. While, most babies with probable CSAZ are being born to asymptomatic women who did not report any symptoms related to arbovirus illness in pregnancy. Diagnosis is challenged by serological cross-reactivity between circulating flaviviruses. Team management is multidisciplinary to maximize the neuro-developmental potential of this vulnerable patient population.
Introduction: Jamaica experienced its maiden Zika virus (ZIKV) epidemic in 2016, while Dengue (serotypes 3 and 4) and Chikungunya were also circulating.
 
Aim: We describe initial trends in microcephaly and arthrogryposis observed by the clinicians from three urban birthing facilities during late 2016 to early 2017.
 
Accepted: 
December 12, 2016
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Outcome of Dengue in Hospitalized Jamaican Children

Issue: 
DOI: 
10.7727/wimjopen.2016.525
Pages: 
25-32
Synopsis: 
Before the emergence of Zika in 2016 and Chikungunya in 2014, there have been numerous Dengue outbreaks in the Caribbean. Despite this, there is a paucity of published studies on Dengue in children from this region. The potential for exponential spread of the Aedes aegypti dengue vector and its deleterious outcomes in children underlines the importance of this paper.

Background: Dengue fever is hyper-endemic in Jamaica with exponential rates of infection in successive outbreaks. The absence of local data and the potential for massive outbreaks in a country where a third of the population are children formed the basis for this study. 

Accepted: 
December 26, 2015
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Chikungunya in Jamaica – Public Health Effects and Clinical Features in Children

Issue: 
DOI: 
10.7727/wimjopen.2016.529
Pages: 
18-24
Synopsis: 
The Chikungunya fever epidemic had significant public health and economic impact in Jamaica. In children, there were characteristic presentations in neonates and young infants and in children six months to six years. Neurologic involvement was common but other organ dysfunction was rare.

Background: Chikungunya virus entered the Caribbean for the first time in 2013 and Jamaica experienced its maiden epidemic with Chikungunya fever in 2014. We aimed to describe the public health effects and describe the clinical features in children and adolescents in Jamaica.

Accepted: 
October 26, 2016
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