Original Articles

Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Emergency Contraceptive Pills among Tertiary level students in Trinidad: A Cross-sectional Survey

Issue:

Vol 59, issue 6 (2010)

Pages:

650–5

Synopsis:

A survey was conducted to assess knowledge, attitude and practice about emergency contraceptives (EC) among tertiary level students in Trinidad. The general level of their knowledge about ECs was poor but their general attitude towards ECs was positive.

ABSTRACT

Objective: The objective of this study was to estimate the general knowledge, attitude and practice of Emergency Contraceptive pills (ECs) among tertiary level students in Trinidad.

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Keywords:

emergency contraception

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e-Published: 15 Oct, 2013

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Substance Use among University Students at the St Augustine Campus of The University of the West Indies

Issue:

Vol 59, issue 6 (2010)

Pages:

641–9

Synopsis:

Substance use is a significant health risk, particularly among university students. This study assesses substance use at The University of the West Indies, St Augustine. We conclude that the extent and problems created by substance use are significant and recommend targeted interventions.

ABSTRACT

Objective: Substance use and abuse is a well known public health risk that peaks in persons between 18 and 25 years of age and is prevalent among university students. While this has been repeatedly documented in developed nations, there have been limited studies in the English-speaking Caribbean. This study therefore sought to assess the prevalence of alcohol, tobacco and marijuana use among university students in the English-speaking Caribbean and any associated risk factors.

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Keywords:

religious differences

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Knowledge of Students Attending a High School in Pretoria, South Africa, on Diet, Nutrition and Exercise

Issue:

Vol 59, issue 6 (2010)

Pages:

633–40

Synopsis:

Inactivity and low levels of physical activity are predisposing factors to many chronic diseases such as heart disease which are showing an increase in prevalence in Sub-Saharan Africa. Our results indicated that 38%, of the participants engaged in low activity levels, 58.8% in moderate activity levels and 3.2% in high activity levels and that generally, adolescents are not actively involved in adequate physical activities that could safeguard their present and future health and well-being.

ABSTRACT

Objective: The objective of this study was to ascertain the knowledge of students on the composition of a healthy diet, daily nutritional requirements and the importance of regular exercise.

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Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors in Menopausal Jamaican Black Women after Hysterectomy and Bilateral Oophorectomy: An Observational Study

Issue:

Vol 59, issue 6 (2010)

Pages:

625–32

Synopsis:

Hysterectomized black women in Jamaica are not at increased risk of cardiovascular disease.

ABSTRACT

Objective: To determine differences in prevalence of cardiovascular risks and diseases in black Jamaican postmenopausal women who had hysterectomy (hysgroup) compared with those without
(control).

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Original Articles

Keywords:

Cardiovascular disease risk

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Effects of Tranexamic Acid on Death, Vascular Occlusive Events, and Blood Transfusion in Trauma Patients with Significant Haemorrhage (CRASH-2): A Randomised, Placebo-Controlled Trial

Issue:

Vol 59, issue 6 (2010)

Pages:

612–24

Synopsis:

Tranexamic acid safely reduced the risk of death in bleeding trauma patients in this study. On the basis of these results, tranexamic acid should be considered for use in bleeding trauma patients.

ABSTRACT

Background: Tranexamic acid can reduce bleeding in patients undergoing elective surgery. We assessed the effects of early administration of a short course of tranexamic acid on death, vascular occlusive events, and the receipt of blood transfusion in trauma patients.

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dr_williams-johnson.qxd_.pdf

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Keywords:

vascular occlusive events

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A Randomized, Controlled, Open-label Trial Evaluating the Efficacy and Safety of Chloroquine in the Treatment of Giardiasis in Children

Issue:

Vol 59, issue 6 (2010)

Pages:

607–11

Synopsis:

This randomized clinical trial evaluated the efficacy and safety of two drugs in the treatment of Giardia lamblia infection in Cuban children. The authors demonstrated that chloroquine, for five days, was as efficacious as metronidazole in treating Giardia lamblia.

ABSTRACT

Background: Giardia duodenalis is among the commonest protozoan parasites in the intestinal tract of humans and may cause significant morbidity worldwide. Although there are several antigiardial agents, treatment failures have been commonly reported.

Objective: To compare the efficacy and safety of chloroquine (CQ) versus metronidazole (MTZ) in the treatment of children with confirmed G duodenalis mono-infection.

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Giardia duodenalis infection

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Comparative Antimicrobial Activity of Two New Mutacins

Issue:

Vol 59, issue 6 (2010)

Pages:

602–6

Synopsis:

The comparative in vitro activity of two bacteriocins produced by Streptococcus mutans is presented. Results show that these mutacins are active against pathogens including antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Based on their activity spectra, potential applications are proposed for each bacteriocin.

ABSTRACT

Objectives: To compare the in vitro activity of mutacins D-123.1 and F-59.1 against different bacteria including antibiotic-resistant strains, in order to evaluate their application potential.

Design and Methods: The antibacterial activity spectrum of purified F-59.1 and the MIC and MBC of F-59.1 and D-123.1 against target bacteria were determined.

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Journal Sections:

Original Articles

Keywords:

Antibacterial peptides

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e-Published: 15 Oct, 2013

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Cytotoxic Activity of Selected West Indian Medicinal Plants against a Human Leukaemia Cell Line

Issue:

Vol 59, issue 6 (2010)

Pages:

597–601

Synopsis:

Crude methanolic extracts and solvent fractions of the aerial parts of Spermacoce verticillata, Ficus pumila and Flemingia strobilifera showed cytotoxic activity against a human leukaemia cell line. However, chloroform and butanol fractions of F pumila had significantly lower IC50 values.

ABSTRACT

Objective: To assess the cytotoxic activities of crude extracts and solvent fractions of Spermacoce verticillata, Ficus pumila and Flemingia strobilifera against a MT-4 human leukaemia cancer cell line.

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Molecular Detection and Epidemiology of Extended-Spectrum Beta-lactamase Genes Prevalent in Clinical Isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae and E coli from Trinidad and Tobago

Issue:

Vol 59, issue 6 (2010)

Pages:

591–6

Synopsis:

This first report of molecular characterization and epidemiology of ESBL subtypes in E coli and K pneumoniae isolates in Trinidad and Tobago shows that the CTX-M, mainly phylogenetically group 1 type, was most predominant. Most ESBL producing isolates were still susceptible to carbapenems and aminoglycosides and their spread appears to be polyclonal and clonally unrelated.

ABSTRACT

Objective: The epidemiology of Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) producing E coli and K pneumoniae is complex and varies among hospitals and countries. This study aimed at describing the molecular detection and epidemiology of ESBL subtypes prevalent in clinical isolates of K pneumonia and E coli in Trinidad and Tobago.

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Original Articles

Keywords:

Molecular diagnostics

Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction

Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase.

Journal Authors:

PE Akpaka

B Legall

J Padman

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Drug Utilization Patterns in Pregnant Women: A case study at the Mount Hope Women’s Hospital in Trinidad, West Indies

Issue:

Vol 59, issue 5 (2010)

Pages:

561–6

Synopsis:

The study was conducted to explore drug utilization in pregnant women attending a tertiary healthcare institution. It was a cross-sectional study in 506 women. There were 200 (39.5%) primigravidae, 306 (60.5%) multigravidae and 59.1% (299) of women were in the third trimester. More women with higher educational level take over-the-counter paracetamol, iron/folic acid and vitamin supplements while herbal supplements are rarely used.

ABSTRACT

Objective: To explore drug (prescription, over-the-counter and herbal) utilization in pregnant women attending a public sector tertiary healthcare institution.

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